Reconfigurable wave band structure of an artificial square ice

Ezio Iacocca,1,2,3,* Sebastian Gliga,4,5 Robert L. Stamps,6 and Olle Heinonen7,8 1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0526, USA 2Department of Physics, Division for Theoretical Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden 3Physics Department, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden 4Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 5Laboratory for Microand Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 6School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom 7Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA 8Northwestern-Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA (Received 14 October 2015; revised manuscript received 6 March 2016; published 18 April 2016)